Locking device and tool



March 30 1926. 1

D. B. swAlN LOCKING DEVICE AND TooL ATTORNEY Patented Mar; 3o, '1926.

- UNITED STATES" DONALD B. SWATN, or MILLERS FALLs MASSACHUSETTS.

^ lApplicant@ ined iruxy 1`1, 1912's. sferii No'. 'vepsaef This invention relatesto a lockingv vdevice and tool Awhich are'preferably.employed .in

coinbii'piation. v y It is' anobJect of the present .inventionzto v provide an Vimproved locking'- device Which i l in Operation..

' utility when associated together.

may be utilized in numerous different epplif cations vvhere tivo elements are-movable with respect to each other, and' Where it is desired that these eleinentslnay .be locked lto prevent movenients in certain directions. i e Y y Itis a further obje-ct of the present invention'to construct 'a 'device fof the character stat-ed, Jin"l combination Witha ltov'rolpof the twist type, wherebyz the spindleA of this tool may be restrained against Inoveinent incertain directions V-vvith respect to the `*body thereof.V .Y y l, v Afstill further object is that offurnishing a locking device.'whichmayl be readily opera'ted and wherein' theoperation ofthe niovau- Vble'k -e'leinentsiis properly'controlled. i Another object of this invention is to pro# vide in connection with' atooljembracinga v stock housing a spindle, these elements being adapted to b e inoved inl opposite directions to iinpart a rotary motion to the spindle, ya mechanism zfor V"preventing this niovenient Whenit i'sfdesired to ntiliie thevtool forcer'- tain purposes, 'this "mechanismk .beingl positive Still another y that'v of furnishing va locking device and ceri-w 'tain featiires of a', vtool ofth'echaracter ,delA r scribed, veither of which is'c'apable of indei pendent use but which have wrparticular Other objects of the inventionivvillinl" be obvious and will in part appear herein"-` after.y l s The invention aoco'rdingly4 conipffif's'es,the

features of fcon'struction, feombinatsfof elements, I and arranfelent of' 'parts/Which will vabe' exemplifiedD LOCKING nnvrcnlAND TooL.-

Aobject of ythe invention'is f in the const-nieuws u y y y Y MASSACHUSETTS, Asscerrronfrio'QTcTILLEIt'SV y FALLS COMPANY, or MILL-ERS TALLS, MAssAcHUsETTS,AqcoRPoRATIoNQoF- liereinatter forth 'Y the vscopefjof the application Claims.

"For" afnller iinderstandihgoff-'the naturen ,f .v

ofwiiiehiwiii be indicated n the and objects of theinvention reference'should vbe had to the jfollovvingf detailed description taken in connection lWith'the a'ccorn'anying'ldife-Wins, in [which 1+i* proved v"construction of the invention-an'd shoWing-gallocking device in'iasjs'ociation therevv1th;, y 'Y i Figa@ is 'n an'enlargedy sectional'sid'e vie'vv ofthe essential parts ofthe'device'as'shvn I in lFig.v l but illnstrating views ,of 'the l'oclxing'defi:

Vi'vithlthje coveringiplat'e lYrenloved' and illustratlng the sainev as`,appliedl'tlo4 the 4 spindle of thel tool', these vie'wsshovving the posit'ion'ivh'ich 'the parts assume in iinlo'cked and lockedpositions'respectively@ andv Fig, 5 illustrates the elements of'thehlv'oclg;d L

ing' jdejvic'ein disassembledre'lationf' i In the present embodiment of the 'inve-n1 tion and referring to Figs; l and 2, it Willy be seen that@ tool has lbeen shown such asis conirnonly used forv the' purpose of ldriving hoine and withdrawing' screi'rs, `as-fvvellr as fof'drilling.` yThis e001, embraces a Swarm-x cludinga handle 10pt any ydesiredtypegto which' one end, of tribe` 1I "'i'sf firmly f 'ate' taches, 'the' Aopposa@ @ad of ihisfmbe'being 12.Y 'Dieposed wichirrthe'tube 11, and suda;

which is forrned'thronghout a portionfofits lengthv with opposedspiraly groovsl, and l attached tothe inner 'endv 'of this Spindle lisa 9011er ,15, which Siidabiy contacts 'with the inner face/ofthe tribe V11 and servestojetain the' spindle properly supported thereinff Af knurled Sleeve l16 Arotatably 'encircles the Vtbe, fand; a ratchet mechanism` con; nectedvvliththis sleeves'o that 4tur'rlping the latter to' oneoftwoextrern'e positions, 'either the left-hand "or right-hand spiral 'groove 14 f mentened; Y 'lslogtljifs1 mechanism inaytbefof suchV a .nature Vtlhatfnp'on the sleeve inove'd to! a'v position' intermediate "of thetwo -v win- 'be enge ed byv the, mechanism ermee i extremes aforemetionedgthe 'spindle 13; will beheld @einseitigen 'either directies upon an attempt being made to move the handle towards the outer end of the spindle.

f Thus, it will be understood that upon the sleeve 16 beingmoved to one of its .extreme positions for the purpose aforementioned, moving the handle 10 towards the outer end of the spindle will result in the latter being rotated in one direction with respect to the handle; asetting of the sleeve 1G inits other extreme position and a similar movement of the handle towards the outer end ofthe spin- `die will cause the latterl to be rotated with respect to the handle in an opposite direcf spindle V13 by means of a suitable chuck 18,

a either be. driven `home or withdrawn.

f bit which is associated with the same.

it will be appreciated that byinanipulating the parts in the manner afore-described, and by previously introducing` the `bit Vinto the groove of a'sciew head, that the latter will Also, by moving the sleeve in the last named position, i. e., yan intermediate one,.the tool may. beused as an ordinary. screw-driver or, for any other purpose, according to the type mechanism of this type is well-known and may specifically be of that type shown in the patents to Furbish, #819,536, Vand Pratt, :{.l:887,423, or may be of any other suitable speciiic type bestadapted for achieving` the functions desired. f

' It will further be noted that that portion of the spindle 13, which lies adjacent to the frame 12 and extends beyond the same, is reduced as lhas been indicated at 19, so that a shoulder 20 4is provided, which shoulder lies attlie outer end of the Vspiral grooves 14, and when thespindle is Vfully retracted occupies a position substantially adjacent the outer end of the frame 12, the purpose of ,thisv construction being hereinafter brought lApplied to the outer edgeof they traine 12 is a lookin c device, which in the present instancej embraces a nut 21,' which acts yas a/ base and is attached to the frame. by screw threads. yPositioned adjacent the outer face of this nut are a pair of ring 'shaped cams numbered 22 and 23 respectively, these cams beingso disposed with respect to eachother that in Vone position the opening 24-of the inside cani isconcentric with the outer edge of the outside cam 22. Finally it vwill be notedv that ythe locking device. embraces ar any `accidental removal of the cams from within the same.

Now with a view of obtaining proper oooperatioii between the parts, .it will be seen that the liousing25 carries an inwardly eX- tending pin 27, which rides within peripheral slot 2S formed in the edge of the frame nut 21, so that the movements ofthe housing. with respect to this member are limited. The nutvi's also formedin its outer.

tends inwardly and rides within the groove 29 vof the frame nut. Y

n After the parts have been assembled in the 'relation aforementioned and the covei' 26 has been applied in the manner shown in F ig. 2, it will be obvious, assuming that they are in the position shown in Fig. 2, that by turning the housing 25 with respectto the nut 21, this housing will carry with it the cam 22, while the cain 23 will not turn, incident to the engagement afforded between its body and the nut 21 by means of fthe pin 31 and the groove 29. Due to this action on the part of the cam 22tlie cam 23will move to a position atwhichy its opening 24 will' be eccentrically disposed with respect to the pe ripheral edge of the cam 22, nut 21 and housing 25. Thus, the parts will be caused tov assume the position shown in Fig. 4, and if it is ydesired to return the sameto the position which they previously occupied, this may readily'be accomplished by simply turnring the housing 25 and nut 2.1 inl opposed direction with respect to each other. Due to this action, the pin 27 will engage theI notch 30v of the cam 22 to turn the/latter with re-- spect to the nut 21, so that the cam 23 will be caused to have itsv pin 31 vride within the iiof` llo concentric with the peripheral edges 'of the cam 22, nut 21 and liou'sing25, it beingnoted that in this Vposition this opening will be in vregistration with the openings ofthe nut 21.

and the housing 25, as well as the bore ofthe tube 11.

Assuming thatthe tool afore-described is utilized in association with the locking de? vice, as has been shown inthe drawings of the present application, it will be understood that the same may normally be opera-ted for drilling or other purposes by simply attach* ing any desired tool to the spindleV 13, by means of the chuck 18 'andfproperlymanipulating the sleeve 16. If, it is desired that the tool be" employed as a 'ratchet screwdriveror drill, this inayi'e'adily be accomplished by simply setting the sleeve 16, so that the spindle will have a lost n'io-t'io'ninV one direction and'bepositively turned inthe other direction. Afterth'c parts are thus set, the actuating member' of the locking device, i. e., thefhousiug 25, lis rotatedwvitli respect to thel basei'or'nut 2l to cause the locking dog," provided by the cam 23, to

move towards the/reduced portion 19 of the.

spindle and adjacentthe Vshoulder 20, thus lockingthe spindle against outward'vmovement with respect to the stock.

In order to prevent any in-ivard movement ofthe spindle with respect to the'tube, ,it Will be noted, reference being had to Figs. land 2, 'that the iengthn'of the Spindle from its shoulder .to its innerY end is substantially equalfto thedistance'between the inner face of thecam 23`and ajicap 32'vvhich'closesthe inner end -ofthe tube.l y Thus,vv lWith the parts in the position shown fin Fig. 2, movement ofthe spindlef'in either an intvard or' oi'itw'ar'd;

direction `withrespect* the tubejll ispreventechfirstdue to theV fact thatthe opening" ofy y the blocking vdevice 'is constricted so' thaty .a vportion thebody, of the: locking, ydog intersects therijath of'travel of the spindle'and more particularly the shouldery thereof. and secondly. by the innen end the spindle being ,inheontact vwith, the cap yBQQWhic'h forms ay fixed 1part'of the tube 11. However, rotation of the partsivith respect toeachf other :is-not 'pre' i'1ent ed,` andfthus :simply'by the use` of mechanismi ofthe proper type connected with themsetting'sleeve a 'positive motion of the bit carriedubythe chuckl may.

be secured in vone direction Wh'enthehandl'e is twisted, While a lostmotionl occurs between these parts-when the `handle islturned inan opposite directiomit being understood that the 4sleevev may` be turned to yan intermediate position ,to lock j against movement in either.

direction.;

'that-Sitte'inventief! 'embraefs le wel @Si Wll asI a1 locking. device,Lthenfornier being' capable of use in numerous/connections invthat by mean s l'ofthe ratchet inechani sin L a inovemei'it longitudinally 4o'f the Yhai'idle `with respect to the spindle will cause the latter to be rotated,

YAlso when the locking device is employedto the spiral grooves, no jamming of the,

parts can be eifected due to an accidental manipulation of the locking device during das the normal operation of the tool,`itfbeing`= seen that any jamming tendency is alsov pre'-l cluded for lthe reason thatit might be said t that the contact edge of the cam isof greater Y Width than the Width of thegroovcs .incidentv to the angular disposition ofthe parts aforementioned. I

` -Thus a Vlocking device isprovide'd the co'nstruction of Whichinay be modified tol meet vvarious conditions, andthis llocking device is of'parti'cular value whenemployedffoif example, in connection with lajtoiol ofthe type illustrated. Ita is obvious that 'this mechanisml Will be capable of `utilization jini most instances vWhere 'it isfdesired' at times to prevent 'thejlongitudinal movement-Hof certain ele-ments relatively to each other. 7

Since certain changes may be made' inthe above construction 1 and different* embodiments fof Vinvention could bemade .With-'i out departing from the-scope thereof, itis intendedy that all 'matter containedl in'fthfe above jdescriptionffor 'shown yin the 'accompanying drawing shall' be interpieted'fas illustrative and vnotv in alimiting sensei AItis alsoto be'understood that the follow- 1- ingl-,ciaimsaiefintenaa 'ii-'Governi Orth generic and specific' 'features ofv thef-inveni tion herein l`describeolaird all? statements of the 'scope ofthe invention which, as a-matter' of language, rmightl be sai'clftofgfallftherebe-` Having described 'inventionyivhat YI claim as lnevvand desire vto secure by Letters Patentiis: f" f" W y rrllflna lockingdevice,y in combination, a A housing formedwwith an opening, al pair fof ring-shaped cams',` yene vWithin i thev other and one ofthe' cams being rotatable with' respect 'to the lwhereby"uponI voccurrence of 'said vrotat'io'nthe, innermost c am ivillfbel` transverselymoved, ,said cams 1 being Vdisposedadjacent vsaid'glmusinit"and the central opening'cf .the innermost fcani .beingA commensurate. vvith ,the openingw'and concentric therewith wheii' .,said innerniest"cam isin onepositiom a'ndnieansv In:` a lockingY device` iny combination, a

holding member vforinjed with yan'opening adapted to receive *a SPIiCU, a plurality f ring-'shaped fcamvsarran'gedfone Withinifthe I "other,` and one-,ofthe camsb'eingf rotatable relatively" toV the "otherliiifhereby'i to causev 'a transverse movement of the innermost cam, said cams being disposed adiacent said holding member, the central opening of the innermost cam accommodating the movements of said spindle, and mea-ns formoving said c ams relatively to each 4other to restrain cer- Y ytain.movements vof said spindle.

In combination, a spindle, a casing K v therefor, said casing being formed With an i Aopening at one end to permit Withdrawal of said openingl and arranged for movement lthe spindle, a cam member arranged adja.

. in said members in alignment, said cam being movableaci'oss the path ot Withdrawal of said spindle and said means comprising ajinember arranged for rotation with ret erence to the casing, and upon such rotation causing a transverse jmovement ot said cani member across the path ot Withdrawal et' said spindle wherebythe Withdrawal of said spindleis prevented.

4L. In a de rice of the character described, in combination, a .spindle vformed with a shoulder, fa cani formed With an opening therein oi sufficient size to permit the movement of said shbulder therethrough When the cam and spindle are in certain relative positions, means normally to maintain the cam and the spindle in said vrelative positions, and means to alter the relative positions othel cam and the spindle to prevent movement ot the shoulder through the opening ot the cam.

5. In a locking device, in combination, a pair oit relatively rotatable members, one ot vsaid members being formedl With a central opening, a cam member formed With an opening normally aligned with the aforeto an operative locking position in response to the rotation ot one of said rotatable ,members with reference tothe other in a direction transverse to the axis ot rotation7 means to limit the relat-iverotation of said rotatable members in one direction When the cam is in normal inoperative position, and means to limit the relative rotation thereof inthe other direction When the cam is in a transversely fully extended position.

6. Ina device of the character described,

' aspindle having a reduced portion,- a ringshaped cam encircling said reduced portion,

the inner radius ofv the cam and the radius of the spindle being such as to permit of the of said cam before it enters into locking engagement with said spindle.`

7. A locking device, including a pair of.V

ring-shaped cams arranged one Within the other so that the rotation et' either ot'l saidl cams will cause a transverse movement ot the innermost cani, a ring-shaped support' tor said cams formed with a transverse groove, the inner radii of the support andk the innermost cam extending normally from a common axis and being substantially equal,

means for causing relative' rrotary movement of one of said cams with retei-ence'to the other and. a piny associated with one of said cams and extending into the Igroove in said support to guide said cam-during the operation ot said means so as to constrictl in the other With theirv cam faces in en#- gagement so that the rotation `of one of thecams will cause a transversemovement .ot

the other, a ring-shaped lsupport for said Y- cams, a housing enclosing'- said cams, -said support andV said housing being mounted 'for relative rotary movementand said sup, port being termed with a peripheral slotA terminating at eitherr end in shoulders on said support, a pin carried by said housing and extending into said slot, the shoulders on said support being adapted to cooperate Withsaid pin to limitthe relativemovements of the lsupport and the housing, the outermost of said cams being formed, with a notch adapted to cooperate WithV- said pin to prevent` relative movement of the housing and the outermost cam, and ymeans to prevent rotation of said support and the innermost cam one With the other. l.

9. In a locking device, in combination, a pair of ring-shaped cams arranged one With-4.

in the other with their camy faces inengage-l ment so that the rotation of the outermost cam Will cause a transverse movement-of the innermost cam, a support tor said cams,

said support being formed with a transverse groove, a pin carried by said innermost cam and extending into said groove, and means to rotate said outermost cam. In-testimony whereof 1 affix my signature. l

DONALD B. SWAIN. Y

ion 

